How do savings accounts work? A UK guide for migrants

As a migrant in the UK, it’s important to understand the basics of the UK’s financial system and the role of savings accounts within it.

Opening a savings account can help you earn interest on your savings and keep up with inflation, which can erode the value of your savings if they are not earning interest. In addition, savings accounts provide a safe place to store your money that is backed by the Financial Services Compensation Scheme (FSCS).

A savings account can also be a useful tool for those who are looking to establish a financial history in the UK, as regular deposits and responsible account management can help build a positive credit history over time.  However, savers may face some challenges when choosing to open a savings account in the UK.

The UK banking system is famously complex, with different savings accounts having different requirements and restrictions, such as limitations on the number of withdrawals allowed per month or fees for early withdrawals.

Different types of savings accounts offer different interest rates too, so it’s a good idea to thoroughly research your options to find the account that best suits your needs.

To help you choose the best savings account for your financial needs, this comprehensive guide takes you through everything you need to know about savings accounts, including the different types of accounts available to migrants in the UK, how to open an account, the best websites for comparing different types of savings accounts and much more. 

What is a savings account?

A savings account is a type of bank account that is designed for storing your savings while earning interest on them. 

Savings accounts are a popular choice for individuals who want to build their wealth over time or for those who need to save for a specific goal, such as a down payment on a house or a rainy day fund. 

These accounts typically offer higher interest rates than current accounts or checking accounts, but may have some restrictions on how savers can access their money.

As an migrant in the UK, opening a savings account can provide a safe and secure way to store your money, earn interest and potentially build credit. There are various types of savings accounts available in the UK, each with their own unique benefits and restrictions. 

The most common types of savings accounts include easy access savings accounts, fixed-rate savings accounts, notice savings accounts and cash ISAs. 

How do savings accounts work?

Savings accounts work by allowing you to deposit money into an account with a bank or building society. 

In return for keeping your money in the account, the bank or building society pays you an interest rate which varies depending on the bank and type of savings account you choose. 

While some accounts may offer a fixed interest rate, which means that the interest rate remains the same for a set period of time, other accounts offer a variable interest rate that changes over time. 

In general, savings accounts are a safe and secure way to save money and earn interest on your savings. 

However, it’s important to keep in mind that savings accounts in the UK may have withdrawal restrictions or fees, so be sure to read the terms and conditions carefully before opening an account. For example, some accounts require a minimum deposit to open, while others may have a minimum balance requirement. If your balance falls below this amount, you may be subject to fees or lose out on interest payments. 

In addition, some savings accounts limit the number of withdrawals you can make in a given period, or charge a fee for early withdrawals. 

How interest rates work

Interest rates play a crucial role in the functioning of savings accounts.

When you deposit money into a savings account, the bank or building society uses that money to lend to other customers, such as individuals or businesses. In return for using your money, they pay you a certain amount of interest.

The interest rate represents the percentage of your savings that the bank will pay you over a specific period, usually annually. It is important to note that interest rates can be fixed or variable.

Fixed interest rates remain the same for a set period of time, typically ranging from a few months to several years. This means that savers will earn a consistent interest rate on their savings throughout the fixed period, regardless of any changes in the wider economy or the bank’s policies.

On the other hand, variable interest rates can change over time as they are influenced by various factors, including the Bank of England’s base rate, market conditions and the bank’s own decisions. If the base rate or market rates go up or down, the interest rate on your savings account may follow suit.

When comparing savings accounts, it is important to consider the interest rates offered by different banks and account types. Higher interest rates can help your savings grow faster over time, but be mindful of any limitations or fees associated with the account, as they can impact your overall earnings.

Interest on savings accounts is typically calculated either annually or daily. 

Annual interest is calculated once a year and added to your account balance, while daily interest is calculated based on your account’s daily balance and added to your account either monthly or annually. Daily interest can be more beneficial as it compounds more frequently, resulting in higher overall earnings.

It is essential to understand that interest earned on savings accounts is subject to income tax. In the UK, there is a Personal Savings Allowance (PSA) that determines how much interest you can earn tax-free each year, based on your tax bracket. Basic-rate taxpayers have a higher PSA than higher-rate or additional-rate taxpayers. 

However, certain types of savings accounts, such as Individual Savings Accounts (ISAs), provide tax-free interest regardless of your tax bracket.

In addition to the interest rate, another important factor to consider when evaluating savings accounts is the Annual Percentage Yield (APY). While the interest rate represents the percentage of your savings that the bank will pay you over a specific period, the APY takes into account the compounding effect and provides a more accurate measure of the actual amount of interest you can earn in a year.

Compounding refers to the process where your interest earnings are added back to your account balance, allowing you to earn interest not only on your initial deposit but also on the accumulated interest. This compounding effect can significantly boost your overall earnings over time.

The APY accounts for compounding by incorporating it into the calculation of your annual interest earnings. It provides a more realistic representation of the growth potential of your savings by factoring in the compounding effect. As a result, the APY typically tends to be higher than the simple interest rate.

When comparing savings accounts, it’s essential to consider the APY along with the interest rate. While two accounts may offer the same interest rate, their APYs could vary based on how frequently the interest is compounded and added to the account balance. 

Accounts with more frequent compounding, such as daily or monthly, tend to have higher APYs, as the interest is reinvested more frequently and has a greater impact on the overall growth of your savings. By understanding how interest rates and APY work, you can make informed decisions when selecting a savings account that aligns with your financial goals and preferences. 

It’s important to regularly review and compare different savings accounts to ensure that you are maximising your earnings and taking advantage of the best available interest rates.

Types of savings accounts in the UK

There are several types of savings accounts available in the UK, each with its own unique set of benefits and restrictions. It’s important to choose the right type of savings account based on your financial goals and personal circumstances, as each type of account has both advantages and disadvantages.

Instant access savings accounts

Instant access savings accounts provide flexibility and easy access to your funds as these accounts allow you to withdraw your money at any time without penalties. These types of accounts typically offer lower interest rates than other types of savings accounts, but can be a good choice if you need quick access to your funds.

To open an instant access savings account, research various banks and compare their offerings, including interest rates, account fees and minimum deposit requirements. For extra peace of mind, make sure that the account is protected by the Financial Services Compensation Scheme (FSCS) for up to £85,000 per person, per institution. It’s also a good idea to regularly review your instant access savings account to maximise returns and consider switching if better options become available.

For more information about instant access savings accounts, read our latest guide: How to Find the Best Instant Access Savings Accounts

Notice savings accounts

Notice savings accounts offer a good balance between accessibility and higher interest rates.

With these accounts, you need to give notice (usually between 30 and 90 days) before you can withdraw your money without penalty. The longer the notice period, the higher the interest rate tends to be. 

Notice savings accounts do offer higher interest rates than most instant access accounts, but also require more planning and discipline to manage effectively.

If you’re considering opening a notice savings account, make sure you pick a notice period that aligns with your financial needs, as well as your ability to plan ahead for withdrawals. 

For more information about notice savings accounts, read our latest guide: How to Find the Best Notice Savings Accounts

Fixed-rate savings accounts

Also known as fixed-rate bonds, fixed-rate savings accounts provide a secure and predictable way to grow your savings. These accounts offer a fixed interest rate for a specified period, typically ranging from one to five years. By locking in your money for the duration of the term, you can enjoy higher interest rates compared to instant access or notice savings accounts.

To open a fixed-rate savings account, research different banks and compare their offerings, including interest rates, account fees and minimum deposit requirements. Evaluate the duration of the fixed term and choose one that aligns with your financial goals and ability to leave your money untouched.

Withdrawing funds before the term ends may result in penalties or loss of interest, so consider your financial needs carefully before committing to a fixed-rate savings account. It is important to note that some fixed-rate savings accounts may also allow you to make a lump sum deposit at the beginning of the term, which can maximise your interest earnings.

For more information about fixed-rate savings accounts, read our latest guide: How to Find the Best Fixed-Rate Bonds

Regular savings accounts 

Regular savings accounts are a great option for those who are looking to develop a disciplined savings habit. These accounts require you to make regular monthly deposits, typically ranging from £25 to £500 for a fixed period of time, usually 12 months. 

They often offer higher interest rates compared to other savings accounts, making them an attractive choice. 

To open a regular savings account, research different banks and compare their offerings, including interest rates, account fees and minimum deposit requirements. Take the time to carefully assess the terms and conditions, as certain accounts may impose limitations on withdrawals or penalties for missed payments.

While it’s important to plan your budget accordingly to ensure you can consistently meet the monthly deposit requirement, make sure you regularly review your account and consider switching to another one with better terms once the initial fixed period ends.

For more information about regular savings accounts, read our latest guide: How to Find the Best Regular Savings Accounts

ISAs (Individual Savings Accounts)

Individual Savings Accounts (ISAs) are tax-efficient savings and investment accounts that offer a range of options to grow your money.

ISAs provide a tax-free environment for your savings, meaning you won’t pay income tax or capital gains tax on any interest, dividends, or profits earned within the account. There are several types of ISAs available, including cash ISAs, stocks and shares ISAs, innovative finance ISAs and lifetime ISAs.

Cash ISAs are similar to regular savings accounts, offering a tax-free interest on your savings.

Stocks and shares ISAs allow you to invest in stocks, bonds and other investments, potentially earning higher returns. Innovative finance ISAs enable peer-to-peer lending investments.

Finally, lifetime ISAs are designed for long-term savings towards buying a first home or retirement.

To open an ISA, research different providers and compare their offerings, such as interest rates, monthly fees, investment options and terms. You can contribute up to a certain annual limit set by the government, which varies each tax year, so make sure to stay within the contribution limits and consider maximising your contributions for optimal tax efficiency. 

Overall, ISAs provide a valuable opportunity to grow your savings while minimising tax liabilities.

For more information about ISAs, read our latest guide: How to Find the Best ISAs

Business savings accounts

A business savings account is designed to allow companies to earn interest on their excess funds while keeping them separate from day-to-day operational accounts. 

There are different types of business savings accounts available including instant access accounts, notice accounts, fixed-rate accounts and cash ISAs. Each type of business savings account offers unique features, interest rates and accessibility, so think carefully about the account that best aligns with your business needs.

For more information about business savings accounts, read our latest guide: How to Find the Best Business Savings Accounts

Child savings accounts

Opening a child savings account is a great idea if you wish to start building a financial foundation for your child’s future. 

These accounts are specifically designed for children under the age of 18 and can help teach them valuable money management skills. Child savings accounts typically offer competitive interest rates and may have additional incentives such as bonus payments or gifts. 

To open a child savings account, research different banks and compare their offerings, including interest rates, fees and minimum deposit requirements. 

Consider whether you want an instant access account or a fixed-term option and ensure the account is set up in the child’s name, with a parent or guardian acting as a trustee.

Remember to check if the account transitions to an adult account when the child reaches a certain age.

For more information about child savings accounts, read our latest guide: How to Find the Best Child Savings Accounts

How to open a savings account as a migrant in the UK

To open a savings account in the UK, you will typically need to provide the following documents:

• Proof of identity: This can be a passport, driving licence, or other government-issued identity document.
• Proof of address: This can be a utility bill, bank statement, or other official document that shows your name and address.
• Proof of income: This can be a payslip, tax return, or other document that shows your income.

If you’re a non-UK national, some banks may require additional documentation, such as a visa or work permit. 

Other than that, opening an instant access savings account as a migrant follows a similar process to that of UK nationals. Here’s a general guide:

• Check eligibility: Ensure that you meet the eligibility requirements set by the bank or financial institution, such as having proof of identification, proof of address and the necessary immigration documents.
• Research banks: Research various banks to find those that offer instant access savings accounts to migrants. Some banks may have specific account options tailored for non-UK nationals.
• Gather documentation: Collect the required identification documents, proof of address and any additional documents specified by the bank.
• Visit the bank: Make an appointment or visit a branch of the chosen bank. Complete the application form, provide the necessary documents and comply with any additional requirements specific to migrants.
• Initial deposit: Make an initial deposit into your account as per the bank’s requirements. Ensure that you understand any minimum deposit requirements.
• Account activation: Once your account is approved, you will receive details on how to activate and access your account. This usually involves setting up online or mobile banking access.

Things to consider when choosing a savings account

When choosing a savings account, it is important to carefully consider several factors that can greatly impact your financial goals and overall banking experience. These considerations include:

Interest rates

One of the most crucial factors to evaluate when selecting a savings account is the interest rate offered. A higher interest rate means your savings will grow at a faster pace, allowing you to maximise the returns on your deposits. 

Comparing interest rates among different banks and types of savings accounts can help you find the most lucrative option for your savings.

Fees

It is essential to be aware of any fees associated with a savings account. Some banks charge maintenance fees, transaction fees, or minimum balance fees. 

Carefully reviewing the terms and conditions of each account will help you understand the fee structure and determine if it aligns with your financial objectives. Choosing an account with minimal or no fees can help you optimise your savings.

Access to your money

Consider your intended usage and accessibility requirements for the savings account. If you anticipate needing frequent access to your funds, you might want to opt for an account that offers convenient withdrawal options such as online banking, mobile apps, or ATM access. 

On the other hand, if you aim to save for a long-term goal and won’t require regular withdrawals, you might consider an account that offers higher interest rates but has limited access options.

Bank reputation

When selecting a savings account, it is essential to choose a bank with a solid reputation and a history of financial stability. 

Research the bank’s reliability, customer reviews and its standing within the banking industry. 

Opting for a reputable bank can provide peace of mind, knowing that your savings are held by an institution renowned for its trustworthiness and responsible financial practices.

Additional account features

Beyond the basic considerations, explore any additional features or benefits offered by the savings account.  Some banks may provide perks such as overdraft protection, rewards programmes, or linked accounts that facilitate automated savings transfers. 

By thoroughly considering all the factors mentioned above when choosing a savings account, you can make an informed decision that suits your financial goals, provides convenient access to your savings and maximises the growth of your funds. 

Remember to review multiple options, compare their offerings and consult with banking professionals if required to ensure you select the best savings account for your specific needs and circumstances.

Top websites for comparing savings accounts and interest rates

While the ranking of websites may vary based on personal preferences and specific requirements, below are some popular and reliable websites that you can use to compare savings accounts. Remember, it’s always a good idea to visit multiple websites and compare the information to get a comprehensive understanding of the savings account options available to you.

Additionally, consider checking the official websites of banks or credit unions directly, as they may have exclusive offers or promotions that may not be listed on comparison websites.

Money Saving Expert

Money Saving Expert is a trusted source for financial advice and comparison tools. It provides a dedicated section for savings accounts, allowing you to compare interest rates, terms and features.

It also offers useful guides and tips on managing your personal finances.

Money Super Market

Money Super Market offers a wide range of financial products, including savings accounts. It provides a user-friendly interface to compare interest rates, fees and account features.

You can also find customer reviews and ratings for different savings accounts.

Compare the Market

Compare the Market is known for its insurance comparisons, but it also provides a platform to compare savings accounts. It offers a simple and intuitive interface to compare interest rates, terms and features.

You can also find information on any additional benefits or perks associated with specific savings accounts.

Which?

Which? is a consumer-focused website that provides independent reviews and comparisons. Their savings account section allows you to compare interest rates, fees and account features.

It provides expert advice and insights to help you make informed decisions.

Moneyfactscompare

Moneyfactscompare is a comprehensive financial comparison website that covers various products, including savings accounts. It offers a range of filters and tools to compare interest rates, terms and features.

It also provides educational resources and articles to help you understand different aspects of savings accounts.

Go.Compare

Go.Compare is a well-known comparison website that covers a wide range of financial products, including savings accounts. It allows you to compare interest rates, fees and features of different savings accounts.

Go.Compare also provides helpful tools and resources to assist you in finding the best savings account for your needs.

Times Money Mentor

Times Money Mentor, offered by The Times, provides expert guidance and advice on various financial matters, including savings accounts. It offers informative articles and tools to help you compare interest rates, terms and features of different savings accounts.

It also provides insights and tips for making smart financial decisions.

Money.co.uk

Money.co.uk is a comprehensive financial comparison website that covers savings accounts and various other financial products. It offers a user-friendly interface to compare interest rates, fees and features.

Money.co.uk also provides informative guides, news and expert advice to help you make informed decisions about your savings.

Benefits of savings accounts for migrants

Savings accounts offer a range of benefits for migrants residing in the UK. These benefits include:

• A safe place to store your money: One of the primary advantages of having a savings account is the assurance that your money is securely stored. In the UK, savings accounts are protected by the Financial Services Compensation Scheme (FSCS), which guarantees up to £85,000 per person, per institution. This means that even if the bank were to face financial difficulties or fail, your savings would still be protected up to the specified amount.
• Interest on your savings: By depositing your money into a savings account, you have the opportunity to earn interest on your savings over time. The interest earned acts as a reward for keeping your money in the account, helping it grow steadily. Whether you have short-term or long-term savings goals, earning interest on your savings can significantly contribute to achieving those goals.
• Building credit: Establishing a credit history is crucial for migrants in the UK who plan to access financial products such as loans, mortgages, or credit cards. Having a savings account and maintaining a positive banking relationship can help build your credit history. Consistently depositing funds, managing your account responsibly and making regular payments can demonstrate financial stability and responsibility to potential lenders, thereby improving your creditworthiness over time.
• Tax-free savings: Individual Savings Accounts (ISAs) are a popular savings option in the UK that provide tax advantages. With an ISA, you can save money and earn interest without being subject to income tax or capital gains tax on the returns. This tax-free status makes ISAs an attractive choice for migrants looking to maximise their savings and reduce their overall tax burden.
• Accessibility: Many banks offer online and mobile banking services, which can be particularly beneficial for migrants who may not have immediate access to a physical branch or face challenges visiting one in person. Online and mobile banking provide convenient and flexible access to your savings account, allowing you to check balances, make transfers and manage your finances from anywhere with an internet connection. This accessibility feature ensures that you can effectively manage your savings even if you have limited mobility or are unable to visit a branch.

By taking advantage of these benefits, migrants in the UK can secure their finances, earn interest on their savings, establish a credit history, optimise their tax savings, and conveniently manage their accounts. 

It is advisable to research different savings account options and consult with banking professionals to find an account that aligns with your specific financial needs and goals as an migrant in the UK.

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